应用场景
互联网海量非结构化数据的存储
基本概念
Object:存储的基本对象,如文件、字节流等
Bucket:存储Object的逻辑空间,相当于顶层文件夹
Drive:存储数据的磁盘,在MinIO启动时,以参数的方式传入
Set:多个Drive的集合。分布式部署时划分一个或多个Set,一个Object存在Set上,Set中的每个Drive中都会有相同的Object
特点
- 部署简单,整体只有一个二进制文件,还可支持各种平台
- 支持海量存储,单个对象最大可达5TB
- 兼容Amazon S3接口,充分考虑开发人员的需求和体验
- 低冗余且磁盘损坏高容忍
- 读写性能优异(HDD在16个结点的MinIO集群的读速度可达10GB/s,写速度可达8.5GB/s)
纠删码
Erasure Code(EC)。MinIO使用纠删码来保证高可靠性,使用highwayhash来处理数据损坏。n份原始数据保存后会生成m份纠删码算法转换后的数据,当有任意小于等于m份的数据损坏,就能通过剩下的额数据还原出来。
存储形式
文件上传到MinIO后,存储在对应的磁盘中,以Bucket名称为目录,文件名为下一级目录,这个目录下保存文件的编码数据块、校验块、元数据文件(json格式)
Docker部署MinIO(普通模式)
1、拉取镜像
docker pull minio/minio
2、创建挂载目录
mkdir /wanfeng/minio/data
mkdir /wanfeng/minio/config
3、运行容器
docker run -p 9000:9000 -p 9001:9001 --name wanfeng_minio --privileged=true \
-e "MINIO_ROOT_USER=登录用户名" \
-e "MINIO_ROOT_PASSWORD=登录密码" \
-v /wanfeng/minio/data:/data \
-v /wanfeng/minio/config:/root/.minio \
-d minio/minio server /data --console-address ":9001"
- -p 9000:9000 -p 9001:9001:必须暴露出两个端口用户客户端和服务端
- MINIO_ROOT_USER:用户名
- MINIO_ROOT_PASSWORD:密码
- /wanfeng/minio/data:/data:数据文件映射目录
- /wanfeng/minio/config:/root/.minio:配置文件映射目录
- –console-address “:9001”:指定服务端端口号(通过该端口访问minio服务)
Docker部署MinIO(纠删码模式)
纠删码的作用就是在上传一份数据后,会生成n个原始数据块和n个奇偶校验块,若任意丢失不超过n块盘,都可以进行数据恢复。
1、在docker启动时增加多块盘
docker run -p 9000:9000 -p 9001:9001 --name wanfeng_minio --privileged=true \
-e "MINIO_ROOT_USER=登录用户名" \
-e "MINIO_ROOT_PASSWORD=密码" \
-v /wanfeng/minio/config:/root/.minio \
-v /wanfeng/minio/data1:/data1 \
-v /wanfeng/minio/data2:/data2 \
-v /wanfeng/minio/data3:/data3 \
-v /wanfeng/minio/data4:/data4 \
-v /wanfeng/minio/data5:/data5 \
-v /wanfeng/minio/data6:/data6 \
-d minio/minio server /data{1...6} --console-address ":9001"
Docker部署MinIO(分布式集群)
分布式集群可以避免单台服务器故障带来的影响(单点故障),将minio
Java API整合MinIO
1、引入依赖
<dependency><groupId>io.minio</groupId><artifactId>minio</artifactId><version>8.3.0</version>
</dependency><!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/me.tongfei/progressbar -->
<dependency><groupId>me.tongfei</groupId><artifactId>progressbar</artifactId><version>0.5.3</version>
</dependency><dependency><groupId>com.squareup.okhttp3</groupId><artifactId>okhttp</artifactId><version>4.10.0</version>
</dependency>
2、API使用
@SpringBootTest
public class MinioApplicationTests {private MinioClient minioClient;public static final String IMAGE_FILE_NAME = "wallhaven01.jpg";public static final String TEXT_FILE_NAME = "笔记.txt";public static final String UPLOAD_FOLDER_PATH = "src/test/resources/upload";public static final String DOWNLOAD_FOLDER_PATH = "src/test/resources/download";@BeforeEachpublic void connectMinio(){minioClient = MinioClient.builder().endpoint(ServerConstant.CENTOS_IP_ADDRESS, 9000, false).credentials(LoginConstant.MINIO_ROOT_USERNAME, LoginConstant.MINIO_ROOT_PASSWORD).build();}/*** 本地文件上传*/@Testpublic void uploadFile(){try {//判断bucket是否存在boolean bucketExists = minioClient.bucketExists(BucketExistsArgs.builder().bucket("ectest").build());if(!bucketExists){minioClient.makeBucket(MakeBucketArgs.builder().bucket("ectest").build());}else{System.out.println("Bucket[ectest] already exists");}/*** bucket:指定上传的bucket* object:上传到minio的路径(到文件名)* filename:上传的本地文件路径(到文件名)*/minioClient.uploadObject(UploadObjectArgs.builder().bucket("ectest").object(IMAGE_FILE_NAME).filename(UPLOAD_FOLDER_PATH + File.separator + IMAGE_FILE_NAME).build());} catch (Exception e){e.printStackTrace();}}/*** 上传流*/@Testpublic void uploadInputStream() throws Exception {File file = new File(UPLOAD_FOLDER_PATH + File.separator + IMAGE_FILE_NAME);FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(file);minioClient.putObject(PutObjectArgs.builder().bucket("ectest").object("image_" + NumberFactory.getRandomNumber(5) + ".jpg" ).stream(fileInputStream, fileInputStream.available(), -1).build());fileInputStream.close();}/*** 下载文件*/@Testpublic void downloadFile(){try {//判断bucket是否存在boolean bucketExists = minioClient.bucketExists(BucketExistsArgs.builder().bucket("ectest").build());if(!bucketExists){minioClient.makeBucket(MakeBucketArgs.builder().bucket("ectest").build());}else{System.out.println("Bucket[ectest] already exists");}/*** bucket:指定上传的bucket* object:minio中的文件路径* filename:下载到本地的路径(到文件名)*/minioClient.downloadObject(DownloadObjectArgs.builder().bucket("ectest").object(IMAGE_FILE_NAME).filename(DOWNLOAD_FOLDER_PATH + File.separator + "minio_image_" + NumberFactory.getRandomNumber(8) + ".jpg").build());}catch (Exception e){e.printStackTrace();}}/*** 下载流*/@Testpublic void downloadInputStream() throws Exception{//获取流InputStream inputStream = minioClient.getObject(GetObjectArgs.builder().bucket("ectest").object(IMAGE_FILE_NAME).build());File file = new File(DOWNLOAD_FOLDER_PATH + File.separator + "image_aaa.jpg");FileUtils.copyInputStreamToFile(inputStream, file);inputStream.close();//直接把流保存到本地文件minioClient.downloadObject(DownloadObjectArgs.builder().bucket("ectest").object(IMAGE_FILE_NAME).filename(DOWNLOAD_FOLDER_PATH + File.separator + "image_bbb.jpg").build());}}
SpringBoot整合MinIO
本质就是把连接minio服务的参数放在配置文件中,并通过Bean对象在SpringBoor应用启动时生成MinioClient对象。
1、配置文件application.yml
minio:endpoint: http://ip:portrootUserName: 用户名rootPassword: 密码bucketName: bucket名称
2、读取配置属性的类
@Data
@Component
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "minio")
public class MinioProperties {private String endpoint;private String rootUserName;private String rootPassword;private String bucketName;
}
3、生成MinioClient对象的类
@Configuration
public class MinioClientFactory {@Resourceprivate MinioProperties minioProperties;@Beanpublic MinioClient getDefaultMinioClient(){return MinioClient.builder().endpoint(minioProperties.getEndpoint()).credentials(minioProperties.getRootUserName(), minioProperties.getRootPassword()).build();}
}
4、编写controller测试
@RestController
@Slf4j
@RequestMapping("/minio")
public class MinioController {@Resourceprivate MinioClient minioClient;@Value("${minio.bucketName}")private String bucketName;@GetMapping("/list_object_name")public List<String> listObject() throws Exception {Iterable<Result<Item>> objectResults = minioClient.listObjects(ListObjectsArgs.builder().bucket(bucketName).build());List<String> objectNameList = new ArrayList<>();for (Result<Item> objectResult : objectResults) {Item item = objectResult.get();objectNameList.add(item.objectName());}return objectNameList;}
}