1.概述
静态文件服务器是指提供HTML文件访问或客户端 可直接从中下载文件的Web服务器。对于图片、 JavaScript或CSS文件等渲染页面外观的、不会动态改 变内容的文件，大多数网站会单独提供以静态文件服 务器的方式对其进行访问，实现动静分离的架构。
HTML是一种标记语言，提供HTML文件读取是Web服 务器最基本的功能，Web服务器的配置样例如下：
server {listen 8080;root /opt/nginx-web/www; #存放静态文件的文件目录location / {index index.html;}location /js {alias /opt/nginx-web/static/js/; #存放JavaScript文件的文件目录index index.html;}
}在以上配置中，每个server指令域等同于一个虚 拟服务器，每个location指令域等同于一个虚拟目录
2.实验
按照上述配置后，我们在/opt/nginx-web/www下放置一个index.html文件
#1.查看配置文件
[root@ansible01 nginx]# cat nginx.conf |grep -v "#"|grep -v "^$"
user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
events {worker_connections 1024;
}
http {log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ''$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ''"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;sendfile on;tcp_nopush on;tcp_nodelay on;keepalive_timeout 65;types_hash_max_size 4096;include /etc/nginx/mime.types;default_type application/octet-stream;include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;server {listen 8080;listen [::]:8080;server_name 11.0.1.18;root /opt/nginx-web/www;include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;location / {index index.html index.htm;}error_page 404 /404.html;location = /404.html {}error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;location = /50x.html {}}
}
#2.查看index.html文件
[root@ansible01 nginx]# cat /opt/nginx-web/www/index.html
hello world
#3.重载nginx配置文件
[root@ansible01 nginx]# nginx -s reload
#4.关闭防火墙
[root@ansible01 nginx]# systemctl stop firewalld
#5.关闭selinux
[root@ansible01 nginx]# setenforce 0
[root@ansible01 nginx]# getenforce
Permissive
直接在windows用浏览器访问：11.0.1.18:8080
2.1 基于域名的虚拟主机
2.1.1 nginx配置
[root@ansible01 nginx]# cat nginx.conf |grep -v "#"|grep -v "^$"
user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
events {worker_connections 1024;
}
http {log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ''$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ''"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;sendfile on;tcp_nopush on;tcp_nodelay on;keepalive_timeout 65;types_hash_max_size 4096;include /etc/nginx/mime.types;default_type application/octet-stream;include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;server {listen 80;listen [::]:80;server_name www.a.com;root /opt/nginx-web/www/a/;include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;location / {index index.html index.htm;}error_page 404 /404.html;location = /404.html {}error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;location = /50x.html {}}server {listen 80;listen [::]:80;server_name www.b.com;root /opt/nginx-web/www/b/;include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;location / {index index.html index.htm;}error_page 404 /404.html;location = /404.html {}error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;location = /50x.html {}}
}
2.1.2 准备静态文件
[root@ansible01 nginx]# cat /opt/nginx-web/www/a/index.html
hello,this is www.a.com
[root@ansible01 nginx]# cat /opt/nginx-web/www/b/index.html
hello,this is www.b.com
2.1.3 重启服务，增加ip域名映射
[root@ansible01 nginx]# nginx -s reload
[root@ansible01 nginx]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
11.0.1.18 www.a.com
11.0.1.18 www.b.com
2.1.4 测试
[root@ansible01 nginx]# curl www.a.com
hello,this is www.a.com
[root@ansible01 nginx]# curl www.b.com
hello,this is www.b.com
2.2 基于端口的虚拟主机
2.2.1 nginx配置
[root@ansible01 nginx]# cat nginx.conf |grep -v "#"|grep -v "^$"
user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
events {worker_connections 1024;
}
http {log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ''$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ''"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;sendfile on;tcp_nopush on;tcp_nodelay on;keepalive_timeout 65;types_hash_max_size 4096;include /etc/nginx/mime.types;default_type application/octet-stream;include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;server {listen 80;listen [::]:80;server_name www.test.com;root /opt/nginx-web/www/a/;include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;location / {index index.html index.htm;}error_page 404 /404.html;location = /404.html {}error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;location = /50x.html {}}server {listen 81;listen [::]:81;server_name www.test.com;root /opt/nginx-web/www/b/;include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;location / {index index.html index.htm;}error_page 404 /404.html;location = /404.html {}error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;location = /50x.html {}}
}
2.2.2 重启服务，增加IP域名映射
[root@ansible01 nginx]# nginx -s reload
[root@ansible01 nginx]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
11.0.1.18 www.a.com
11.0.1.18 www.b.com
11.0.1.18 www.test.com
2.2.3 测试
[root@ansible01 nginx]# curl www.test.com:80
hello,this is www.a.com
[root@ansible01 nginx]# curl www.test.com:81
hello,this is www.b.com
2.3 基于IP的虚拟主机
2.3.1 nginx配置
[root@ansible01 nginx]# cat nginx.conf |grep -v "#"|grep -v "^$"
user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
events {worker_connections 1024;
}
http {log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ''$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ''"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;sendfile on;tcp_nopush on;tcp_nodelay on;keepalive_timeout 65;types_hash_max_size 4096;include /etc/nginx/mime.types;default_type application/octet-stream;include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;server {listen 11.0.1.18:80;server_name www.test.com;root /opt/nginx-web/www/a/;include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;location / {index index.html index.htm;}error_page 404 /404.html;location = /404.html {}error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;location = /50x.html {}}server {listen 11.0.1.19:80;server_name www.test.com;root /opt/nginx-web/www/b/;include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;location / {index index.html index.htm;}error_page 404 /404.html;location = /404.html {}error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;location = /50x.html {}}
}
2.3.2 重启服务
[root@ansible01 nginx]# nginx -s reload2.3.3 测试
[root@ansible01 nginx]# curl 11.0.1.18
hello,this is www.a.com
[root@ansible01 nginx]# curl 11.0.1.19
hello,this is www.b.com
