WPF 程序监控硬件设备状态变化的实现方案

以下是一个完整的 C# WPF 程序实现方案，用于监控硬件设备状态变化（基于设备 SDK API）。我们将分步骤实现，包含状态轮询、事件通知、UI 绑定和错误处理。

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1. 项目结构设计

HardwareMonitor/
├── Models/               # 数据模型
│   └── DeviceStatus.cs
├── Services/            # 硬件服务层
│   ├── IDeviceService.cs
│   └── DeviceService.cs
├── ViewModels/          # MVVM 视图模型
│   └── MainViewModel.cs
├── Views/               # 用户界面
│   └── MainWindow.xaml
└── App.xaml             # 应用程序入口

2. 实现步骤

(1) 定义设备状态模型

// Models/DeviceStatus.cs
public class DeviceStatus : INotifyPropertyChanged
{private bool _isConnected;public bool IsConnected{get => _isConnected;set { _isConnected = value; OnPropertyChanged(); }}private double _temperature;public double Temperature{get => _temperature;set { _temperature = value; OnPropertyChanged(); }}public event PropertyChangedEventHandler? PropertyChanged;protected void OnPropertyChanged([CallerMemberName] string? name = null){PropertyChanged?.Invoke(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(name));}
}

(2) 封装设备 SDK API

// Services/IDeviceService.cs
public interface IDeviceService
{DeviceStatus CurrentStatus { get; }event EventHandler<DeviceStatus> StatusChanged;void StartMonitoring();void StopMonitoring();
}// Services/DeviceService.cs
public class DeviceService : IDeviceService, IDisposable
{private readonly Timer _pollingTimer;private readonly DeviceSDK _sdk; // 假设这是硬件SDK的类public DeviceStatus CurrentStatus { get; } = new DeviceStatus();public event EventHandler<DeviceStatus>? StatusChanged;public DeviceService(){_sdk = new DeviceSDK(); // 初始化SDK_pollingTimer = new Timer(UpdateStatus, null, Timeout.Infinite, 1000);}public void StartMonitoring() => _pollingTimer.Change(0, 1000); // 每秒轮询public void StopMonitoring() => _pollingTimer.Change(Timeout.Infinite, Timeout.Infinite);private void UpdateStatus(object? state){try{// 调用SDK获取状态CurrentStatus.IsConnected = _sdk.GetConnectionStatus();CurrentStatus.Temperature = _sdk.ReadTemperature();// 触发事件StatusChanged?.Invoke(this, CurrentStatus);}catch (Exception ex){Debug.WriteLine($"监控错误: {ex.Message}");}}public void Dispose(){_pollingTimer.Dispose();_sdk.Disconnect();}
}

(3) 实现 ViewModel

// ViewModels/MainViewModel.cs
public class MainViewModel : INotifyPropertyChanged
{private readonly IDeviceService _deviceService;private string _statusMessage = "等待连接...";public DeviceStatus Status { get; }public string StatusMessage{get => _statusMessage;set { _statusMessage = value; OnPropertyChanged(); }}public ICommand StartMonitoringCommand { get; }public ICommand StopMonitoringCommand { get; }public MainViewModel(IDeviceService deviceService){_deviceService = deviceService;Status = _deviceService.CurrentStatus;// 命令绑定StartMonitoringCommand = new RelayCommand(() =>{_deviceService.StartMonitoring();StatusMessage = "监控中...";});StopMonitoringCommand = new RelayCommand(() =>{_deviceService.StopMonitoring();StatusMessage = "已停止";});// 订阅状态变化事件_deviceService.StatusChanged += (s, e) => {StatusMessage = e.IsConnected ? "设备在线" : "设备离线";};}public event PropertyChangedEventHandler? PropertyChanged;protected void OnPropertyChanged([CallerMemberName] string? name = null)=> PropertyChanged?.Invoke(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(name));
}

(4) 创建 WPF 界面

<!-- Views/MainWindow.xaml -->
<Window x:Class="HardwareMonitor.Views.MainWindow"xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"Title="硬件监控" Height="300" Width="400"><Grid Margin="10"><StackPanel><TextBlock Text="{Binding StatusMessage}" FontSize="16" Margin="0,10"/><Border Background="{Binding Status.IsConnected, Converter={StaticResource BoolToBrushConverter}}"CornerRadius="5" Padding="10" Margin="0,10"><TextBlock Text="{Binding Status.IsConnected, Converter={StaticResource BoolToStatusConverter}}"HorizontalAlignment="Center"/></Border><TextBlock Text="{Binding Status.Temperature, StringFormat='温度: {0}°C'}" Margin="0,10"/><StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" HorizontalAlignment="Center"><Button Content="开始监控" Command="{Binding StartMonitoringCommand}" Margin="5" Width="100"/><Button Content="停止监控" Command="{Binding StopMonitoringCommand}" Margin="5" Width="100"/></StackPanel></StackPanel></Grid>
</Window>

(5) 依赖注入配置

// App.xaml.cs
public partial class App : Application
{protected override void OnStartup(StartupEventArgs e){base.OnStartup(e);// 配置DI容器var services = new ServiceCollection();services.AddSingleton<IDeviceService, DeviceService>();services.AddTransient<MainViewModel>();services.AddTransient<MainWindow>();var provider = services.BuildServiceProvider();// 启动主窗口var mainWindow = provider.GetRequiredService<MainWindow>();mainWindow.DataContext = provider.GetRequiredService<MainViewModel>();mainWindow.Show();}
}

3. 关键功能实现

(1) 状态轮询优化

// 使用CancellationToken实现可控轮询
private async Task RunPollingAsync(CancellationToken token)
{while (!token.IsCancellationRequested){UpdateStatus(null);await Task.Delay(1000, token); // 异步延迟}
}

(2) SDK 异常处理

private void UpdateStatus(object? state)
{try{// 添加超时控制using var cts = new CancellationTokenSource(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(2));var status = Task.Run(() => _sdk.GetStatus(), cts.Token).Result;// 更新状态...}catch (OperationCanceledException){StatusMessage = "SDK响应超时";}catch (Exception ex){Debug.WriteLine($"SDK错误: {ex.Message}");}
}

(3) UI 绑定转换器

// BoolToBrushConverter.cs
public class BoolToBrushConverter : IValueConverter
{public object Convert(object value, Type targetType, object parameter, CultureInfo culture){return (bool)value ? Brushes.LightGreen : Brushes.LightPink;}public object ConvertBack(object value, Type targetType, object parameter, CultureInfo culture){throw new NotImplementedException();}
}

4. 部署与测试

硬件 SDK 集成

1. 将厂商提供的 SDK DLL 放入 lib/ 目录

2. 在项目中添加引用：

<ItemGroup><Reference Include="DeviceSDK" HintPath="lib\DeviceSDK.dll" />
</ItemGroup>

测试方案

测试类型	方法	预期结果
正常连接测试	模拟SDK返回有效数据	UI实时更新状态
断开连接测试	关闭硬件设备	显示"设备离线"
压力测试	高频调用SDK API	不出现UI卡顿或内存泄漏
异常测试	抛出SDK异常	显示错误且不崩溃

 

5. 扩展功能建议

1. 历史数据记录

public void LogStatus(DeviceStatus status)
{File.AppendAllText("log.txt", $"{DateTime.Now}: {status.Temperature}°C, Connected={status.IsConnected}\n");
}

1. 阈值报警

if (CurrentStatus.Temperature > 80)
{PlayAlertSound();ShowToast("温度过高！");
}

1. 远程监控

// 使用SignalR将状态推送到Web端
await _hubConnection.SendAsync("ReportStatus", CurrentStatus);

系统优点：

• 分层清晰（MVVM + 服务隔离）

• 响应灵敏（异步轮询 + 事件驱动）

• 健壮可靠（完备的错误处理）

• 易于扩展（依赖注入支持）

的硬件监控系统。实际开发时，请根据具体 SDK API 调整 DeviceService 中的调用逻辑。