linux 操作系统下df命令介绍和案例
df
命令是 Linux 系统中用于显示文件系统磁盘空间使用情况的工具。它提供了关于已用空间、可用空间和文件系统总大小的信息,帮助用户管理和监控磁盘使用情况
df
命令概述
基本语法
bash
df [选项] [文件系统]
- 选项:可选的标志,用于修改命令的输出。
- 文件系统:可以指定特定的文件系统(挂载点)以检查其使用情况。
输出内容
df
命令的输出通常包含以下列:
- Filesystem:挂载的存储设备名称(例如
/dev/sda1
)。 - 1K-blocks:文件系统的总大小,以 1K 块为单位。
- Used:当前已用空间。
- Available:可用空间。
- Use%:已用空间的百分比。
- Mounted on:文件系统的挂载点(例如
/
或/home
)。
常用选项
-h
:以人类可读的格式显示(例如 KB、MB、GB)。-T
:显示文件系统类型。-a
:显示所有文件系统,包括虚拟文件系统。-t TYPE
:仅显示指定类型的文件系统(例如ext4
)。-x TYPE
:排除指定类型的文件系统。-i
:显示 inode 使用情况。
命令介绍:
root@meng:/data/milvus# which df
/usr/bin/df
root@meng:/data/milvus# df --help
Usage: df [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Show information about the file system on which each FILE resides,
or all file systems by default.
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
-a, --all include pseudo, duplicate, inaccessible file systems
-B, --block-size=SIZE scale sizes by SIZE before printing them; e.g.,
'-BM' prints sizes in units of 1,048,576 bytes;
see SIZE format below
-h, --human-readable print sizes in powers of 1024 (e.g., 1023M)
-H, --si print sizes in powers of 1000 (e.g., 1.1G)
-i, --inodes list inode information instead of block usage
-k like --block-size=1K
-l, --local limit listing to local file systems
--no-sync do not invoke sync before getting usage info (default)
--output[=FIELD_LIST] use the output format defined by FIELD_LIST,
or print all fields if FIELD_LIST is omitted.
-P, --portability use the POSIX output format
--sync invoke sync before getting usage info
--total elide all entries insignificant to available space,
and produce a grand total
-t, --type=TYPE limit listing to file systems of type TYPE
-T, --print-type print file system type
-x, --exclude-type=TYPE limit listing to file systems not of type TYPE
-v (ignored)
--help display this help and exit
--version output version information and exit
Display values are in units of the first available SIZE from --block-size,
and the DF_BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE and BLOCKSIZE environment variables.
Otherwise, units default to 1024 bytes (or 512 if POSIXLY_CORRECT is set).
The SIZE argument is an integer and optional unit (example: 10K is 10*1024).
Units are K,M,G,T,P,E,Z,Y (powers of 1024) or KB,MB,... (powers of 1000).
Binary prefixes can be used, too: KiB=K, MiB=M, and so on.
FIELD_LIST is a comma-separated list of columns to be included. Valid
field names are: 'source', 'fstype', 'itotal', 'iused', 'iavail', 'ipcent',
'size', 'used', 'avail', 'pcent', 'file' and 'target' (see info page).
GNU coreutils online help: <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
Report any translation bugs to <https://translationproject.org/team/>
Full documentation <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/df>
or available locally via: info '(coreutils) df invocation'
命令案例: