Linux下如何查看硬件信息？

Linux下如何查看硬件信息我们在 Linux 下进行开发时有时也需要知道当前的硬件信息比如CPU几核使用情况内存大小及使用情况USB设备是否被识别等等类似此类问题。下面介绍一些常用的硬件查看命令。lshwlshw 这个命令是一个比较通用的工具它可以详细的列出本机的硬件信息。但这个命令并非所有的发行版都有比如 Fedora 就默认没有需要自己安装。lshw 可以从各个 /proc 文件中提取出硬件信息比如CPU、内存、usb 控制器、硬盘等。如果不带选项的话列出的信息将很长加上-short选项时将只列出概要信息。[alvinVM_0_16_centos ~]$ sudo lshw -short#篇幅关系以下结果有删减H/W path Device Class Description system Bochs/0 bus Motherboard/0/0 memory 96KiB BIOS/0/401 processor Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-26xx v4/0/1000 memory 2GiB System Memory/0/1000/0 memory 2GiB DIMM RAM/0/100 bridge 440FX - 82441FX PMC [Natoma]/0/100/1 bridge 82371SB PIIX3 ISA [Natoma/Triton II]/0/100/1.1/0.1.0 /dev/cdrom disk QEMU DVD-ROM/0/100/1.2/1 usb1 bus UHCI Host Controller/0/100/1.3 bridge 82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 ACPI/0/100/4/0/1 /dev/vda1 volume 49GiB EXT3 volume/0/100/5 generic Virtio memory balloon/0/100/5/0 generic Virtual I/O device/0/1 system PnP device PNP0b00/0/2 input PnP device PNP0303lscpulscpu 可以列出本机的 CPU 的相关信息该命令没有任何选项及参数。[alvinVM_0_16_centos ~]$ lscpuArchitecture: x86_64CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bitByte Order: Little EndianCPU(s): 1On-line CPU(s) list: 0Thread(s) per core: 1Core(s) per socket: 1Socket(s): 1NUMA node(s): 1Vendor ID: GenuineIntelCPU family: 6Model: 79Model name: Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-26xx v4Stepping: 1CPU MHz: 2399.988BogoMIPS: 4799.97Hypervisor vendor: KVMVirtualization type: fullL1d cache: 32KL1i cache: 32KL2 cache: 4096KNUMA node0 CPU(s): 0lsusblsusb 列出与本机相连的所有 USB 设备的信息。默认情况下只列出概要信息使用-v选项可以列出每一个 USB 口的详细信息。[alvinVM_0_16_centos ~]$ lsusbBus 001 Device 003: ID 0424:ec00 Standard Microsystems Corp. SMSC9512/9514 Fast Ethernet AdapterBus 001 Device 002: ID 0424:9514 Standard Microsystems Corp. SMC9514 HubBus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hublsscsilsscsi 可以列出诸如硬盘/光驱等 SCSI/SATA 设备信息。[alvinVM_0_16_centos ~]$ lsscsi[0:0:1:0] cd/dvd QEMU QEMU DVD-ROM 1.2. /dev/sr0lspcilspci 列出所有 PCI 总线以及与 PCI 总线相连的所有设备的详细信息比如 VGA 适配器、显卡、网络适配器、usb 端口、SATA 控制器等。[alvinVM_0_16_centos ~]$ lspci00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 440FX - 82441FX PMC [Natoma] (rev 02)00:01.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation 82371SB PIIX3 ISA [Natoma/Triton II]00:01.1 IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82371SB PIIX3 IDE [Natoma/Triton II]00:01.2 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82371SB PIIX3 USB [Natoma/Triton II] (rev 01)00:01.3 Bridge: Intel Corporation 82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 ACPI (rev 03)00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Cirrus Logic GD 544600:03.0 Ethernet controller: Red Hat, Inc Virtio network device00:04.0 SCSI storage controller: Red Hat, Inc Virtio block device00:05.0 Unclassified device [00ff]: Red Hat, Inc Virtio memory balloondfdf 命令可以列出不同分区的大小使用情况使用率挂载点等信息加上-h选项可以以 k, M, G 等单位表示大小否则默认是字节不容易阅读。[alvinVM_0_16_centos ~]$ df -hFilesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on/dev/vda1 50G 7.5G 40G 16% /devtmpfs 911M 0 911M 0% /devtmpfs 920M 68K 920M 1% /dev/shmtmpfs 920M 364K 920M 1% /runtmpfs 920M 0 920M 0% /sys/fs/cgrouptmpfs 184M 0 184M 0% /run/user/0tmpfs 184M 0 184M 0% /run/user/1001tmpfs 184M 0 184M 0% /run/user/1000freefree命令可以查看系统中使用的、闲置的和 RAM 的总体数量一般带上-m参数。[alvinVM_0_16_centos ~]$ free -m total used free shared buff/cache availableMem: 1839 221 156 0 1461 1400Swap: 0 0 0