常用环境变量 SET(ENV{VAR} VALUE) **常用变量** | 变量名 | 含义 | | ----------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------- | | **PROJECT_NAME** | project命令中写的项目名 | | **CMAKE_VERSION** | 当前使用 CMake 的版本 | | **CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR** | 工程顶层目录即入口 CMakeLists 文件所在路径 | | **PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR** | 同**CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR** | | **CMAKE_BINARY_DIR** | 工程编译发生的目录即执行 cmake 命令进行项目配置的目录一般为 build | | **PROJECT_BINARY_DIR** | 同**CMAKE_BINARY_DIR** | | **CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR** | 当前处理的 CMakeLists.txt 所在的路径 | | **CMAKE_CURRRENT_BINARY_DIR** | 当前处理的 CMakeLists.txt 中生成目标文件所在编译目录 | | **CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_FILE** | 输出调用这个变量的 CMakeLists.txt 文件的完整路径 | | **CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR** | 当前处理的 CMakeLists.txt 文件所在目录的路径 | | **CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX** | 指定make install命令执行时包安装路径 | | **CMAKE_MODULE_PATH** | find_package命令搜索包路径**之一**默认为空 | **编译配置相关变量** | 变量名 | 含义 | | ---------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | **CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE** | 编译选项Release 或者 Debug如set(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE Release) | | **CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS** | 编译标志设置 C11 编译set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS ${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -stdc11) | | **CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD** | 也可以设置 C11 编译set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11) | list(APPEND CMAKE_MODULE_PATH ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake) # 依赖库fetch include(FetchContent) FetchContent_Declare( googletest GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/google/googletest.git GIT_TAG release-1.8.0 ) FetchContent_GetProperties(googletest) if(NOT googletest_POPULATED) FetchContent_Populate(googletest) # ... # adds the targets: gtest, gtest_main, gmock, gmock_main add_subdirectory( ${googletest_SOURCE_DIR} ${googletest_BINARY_DIR} ) # ... endif() # 检测系统 if(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME STREQUAL Linux) message(STATUS Configuring on/for Linux) elseif(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME STREQUAL Darwin) message(STATUS Configuring on/for macOS) elseif(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME STREQUAL Windows) message(STATUS Configuring on/for Windows) elseif(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME STREQUAL AIX) message(STATUS Configuring on/for IBM AIX) else() message(STATUS Configuring on/for ${CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME}) endif() #ifdef IS_32_BIT_ARCH return arch_info std::string(Compiled on a 32 bit host processor.); #elif IS_64_BIT_ARCH return arch_info std::string(Compiled on a 64 bit host processor.); #else return arch_info std::string(Neither 32 nor 64 bit, puzzling ...); #endif if(CMAKE_SIZEOF_VOID_P EQUAL 8) target_compile_definitions(arch-dependent PUBLIC IS_64_BIT_ARCH) message(STATUS Target is 64 bits) else() target_compile_definitions(arch-dependent PUBLIC IS_32_BIT_ARCH) message(STATUS Target is 32 bits) endif() if(CMAKE_HOST_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR MATCHES i386) message(STATUS i386 architecture detected) elseif(CMAKE_HOST_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR MATCHES i686) message(STATUS i686 architecture detected) elseif(CMAKE_HOST_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR MATCHES x86_64) message(STATUS x86_64 architecture detected) else() message(STATUS host processor architecture is unknown) endif() target_compile_definitions(arch-dependent PUBLIC ARCHITECTURE${CMAKE_HOST_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR} ) #外部检测 execute_process( COMMAND ${PYTHON_EXECUTABLE} -c print(Hello, world!) RESULT_VARIABLE _status OUTPUT_VARIABLE _hello_world ERROR_QUIET OUTPUT_STRIP_TRAILING_WHITESPACE ) message(STATUS RESULT_VARIABLE is: ${_status}) message(STATUS OUTPUT_VARIABLE is: ${_hello_world}) cmake -D PYTHON_EXECUTABLE/custom/location/python .. cmake -D BOOST_INCLUDEDIR/custom/boost/include -DBOOST_LIBRARYDIR/custom/boost/lib #配置生成源码 #include stdio.h #include unistd.h void print_info(void) { printf(\n); printf(Configuration and build information\n); printf(-----------------------------------\n); printf(\n); printf(Who compiled | %s\n, _user_name); printf(Compilation hostname | %s\n, _host_name); printf(Fully qualified domain name | %s\n, _fqdn); printf(Operating system | %s\n, _os_name, _os_release, _os_version); printf(Platform | %s\n, _os_platform); printf(Processor info | %s\n, _processor_name, _processor_description); printf(CMake version | %s\n, CMAKE_VERSION); printf(CMake generator | %s\n, CMAKE_GENERATOR); printf(Configuration time | %s\n, _configuration_time); printf(Fortran compiler | %s\n, CMAKE_Fortran_COMPILER); printf(C compiler | %s\n, CMAKE_C_COMPILER); printf(\n); fflush(stdout); } configure_file(print_info.c.in print_info.c ONLY) target_sources(example PRIVATE example.f90 ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/print_info.c ) # 生成SDK include(GNUInstallDirs) set(CMAKE_ARCHIVE_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}) set(CMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}) set(CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/${CMAKE_INSTALL_BINDIR}) # Offer the user the choice of overriding the installation directories set(INSTALL_LIBDIR ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR} CACHE PATH Installation directory for libraries) set(INSTALL_BINDIR ${CMAKE_INSTALL_BINDIR} CACHE PATH Installation directory for executables) set(INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR ${CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR} CACHE PATH Installation directory for header files) if(WIN32 AND NOT CYGWIN) set(DEF_INSTALL_CMAKEDIR CMake) else() set(DEF_INSTALL_CMAKEDIR share/cmake/${PROJECT_NAME}) endif() set(INSTALL_CMAKEDIR ${DEF_INSTALL_CMAKEDIR} CACHE PATH Installation directory for CMake files) # Report to user foreach(p LIB BIN INCLUDE CMAKE) file(TO_NATIVE_PATH ${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/${INSTALL_${p}DIR} _path ) message(STATUS Installing ${p} components to ${_path}) unset(_path) endforeach() # rpath file(RELATIVE_PATH _rel ${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/${INSTALL_BINDIR} ${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}) if(APPLE) set(_rpath loader_path/${_rel}) else() set(_rpath \$ORIGIN/${_rel}) endif() file(TO_NATIVE_PATH ${_rpath}/${INSTALL_LIBDIR} message_RPATH) set_target_properties(hello-world_wDSO PROPERTIES MACOSX_RPATH ON SKIP_BUILD_RPATH OFF BUILD_WITH_INSTALL_RPATH OFF INSTALL_RPATH ${message_RPATH} INSTALL_RPATH_USE_LINK_PATH ON ) install( TARGETS message-shared hello-world_wDSO ARCHIVE DESTINATION ${INSTALL_LIBDIR} COMPONENT lib RUNTIME DESTINATION ${INSTALL_BINDIR} COMPONENT bin LIBRARY DESTINATION ${INSTALL_LIBDIR} COMPONENT lib PUBLIC_HEADER DESTINATION ${INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR}/message COMPONENT dev ) if(WIN32 OR MINGW) list(APPEND CPACK_GENERATOR NSIS) set(CPACK_NSIS_PACKAGE_NAME message) set(CPACK_NSIS_CONTACT robertdr) set(CPACK_NSIS_ENABLE_UNINSTALL_BEFORE_INSTALL ON) endif() message(STATUS CPack generators: ${CPACK_GENERATOR}) include(CPack) set(CPACK_SOURCE_GENERATOR TGZ;ZIP) set(CPACK_SOURCE_IGNORE_FILES /.git /dist /.*build.* /\\\\.DS_Store ) set(CMAKE_EXPORT_PACKAGE_REGISTRY ON) export(PACKAGE MyLib) #交叉编译 set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME Windows) set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR arm) set(CMAKE_C_COMPILER i686-w64-mingw32-gcc) set(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER i686-w64-mingw32-g) set(CMAKE_C_COMPILER clang) set(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER clang) set(CMAKE_Fortran_COMPILER i686-w64-mingw32-gfortran) #submodule find_package(Git QUIET) if(GIT_FOUND AND EXISTS ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/.git) # Update submodules as needed option(GIT_SUBMODULE Check submodules during build ON) if(GIT_SUBMODULE) message(STATUS Submodule update) execute_process(COMMAND ${GIT_EXECUTABLE} submodule update --init --recursive WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR} RESULT_VARIABLE GIT_SUBMOD_RESULT) if(NOT GIT_SUBMOD_RESULT EQUAL 0) message(FATAL_ERROR git submodule update --init --recursive failed with ${GIT_SUBMOD_RESULT}, please checkout submodules) endif() endif() endif() if(NOT EXISTS ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/extern/repo/CMakeLists.txt) message(FATAL_ERROR The submodules were not downloaded! GIT_SUBMODULE was turned off or failed. Please update submodules and try again.) endif()参考https://github.com/wx-chevalier/CMake-NotesCMake基础教程_cmake -b build-CSDN博客创作不易小小的支持一下吧 
长河君 · 2026/11/2 10:43:41 · 阅读 1.2k CMake基础教程二
常用环境变量 SET(ENV{VAR} VALUE) **常用变量** | 变量名 | 含义 | | ----------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------- | | **PROJECT_NAME** | project命令中写的项目名 | | **CMAKE_VERSION** | 当前使用 CMake 的版本 | | **CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR** | 工程顶层目录即入口 CMakeLists 文件所在路径 | | **PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR** | 同**CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR** | | **CMAKE_BINARY_DIR** | 工程编译发生的目录即执行 cmake 命令进行项目配置的目录一般为 build | | **PROJECT_BINARY_DIR** | 同**CMAKE_BINARY_DIR** | | **CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR** | 当前处理的 CMakeLists.txt 所在的路径 | | **CMAKE_CURRRENT_BINARY_DIR** | 当前处理的 CMakeLists.txt 中生成目标文件所在编译目录 | | **CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_FILE** | 输出调用这个变量的 CMakeLists.txt 文件的完整路径 | | **CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR** | 当前处理的 CMakeLists.txt 文件所在目录的路径 | | **CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX** | 指定make install命令执行时包安装路径 | | **CMAKE_MODULE_PATH** | find_package命令搜索包路径**之一**默认为空 | **编译配置相关变量** | 变量名 | 含义 | | ---------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | **CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE** | 编译选项Release 或者 Debug如set(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE Release) | | **CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS** | 编译标志设置 C11 编译set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS ${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -stdc11) | | **CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD** | 也可以设置 C11 编译set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11) | list(APPEND CMAKE_MODULE_PATH ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake) # 依赖库fetch include(FetchContent) FetchContent_Declare( googletest GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/google/googletest.git GIT_TAG release-1.8.0 ) FetchContent_GetProperties(googletest) if(NOT googletest_POPULATED) FetchContent_Populate(googletest) # ... # adds the targets: gtest, gtest_main, gmock, gmock_main add_subdirectory( ${googletest_SOURCE_DIR} ${googletest_BINARY_DIR} ) # ... endif() # 检测系统 if(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME STREQUAL Linux) message(STATUS Configuring on/for Linux) elseif(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME STREQUAL Darwin) message(STATUS Configuring on/for macOS) elseif(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME STREQUAL Windows) message(STATUS Configuring on/for Windows) elseif(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME STREQUAL AIX) message(STATUS Configuring on/for IBM AIX) else() message(STATUS Configuring on/for ${CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME}) endif() #ifdef IS_32_BIT_ARCH return arch_info std::string(Compiled on a 32 bit host processor.); #elif IS_64_BIT_ARCH return arch_info std::string(Compiled on a 64 bit host processor.); #else return arch_info std::string(Neither 32 nor 64 bit, puzzling ...); #endif if(CMAKE_SIZEOF_VOID_P EQUAL 8) target_compile_definitions(arch-dependent PUBLIC IS_64_BIT_ARCH) message(STATUS Target is 64 bits) else() target_compile_definitions(arch-dependent PUBLIC IS_32_BIT_ARCH) message(STATUS Target is 32 bits) endif() if(CMAKE_HOST_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR MATCHES i386) message(STATUS i386 architecture detected) elseif(CMAKE_HOST_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR MATCHES i686) message(STATUS i686 architecture detected) elseif(CMAKE_HOST_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR MATCHES x86_64) message(STATUS x86_64 architecture detected) else() message(STATUS host processor architecture is unknown) endif() target_compile_definitions(arch-dependent PUBLIC ARCHITECTURE${CMAKE_HOST_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR} ) #外部检测 execute_process( COMMAND ${PYTHON_EXECUTABLE} -c print(Hello, world!) RESULT_VARIABLE _status OUTPUT_VARIABLE _hello_world ERROR_QUIET OUTPUT_STRIP_TRAILING_WHITESPACE ) message(STATUS RESULT_VARIABLE is: ${_status}) message(STATUS OUTPUT_VARIABLE is: ${_hello_world}) cmake -D PYTHON_EXECUTABLE/custom/location/python .. cmake -D BOOST_INCLUDEDIR/custom/boost/include -DBOOST_LIBRARYDIR/custom/boost/lib #配置生成源码 #include stdio.h #include unistd.h void print_info(void) { printf(\n); printf(Configuration and build information\n); printf(-----------------------------------\n); printf(\n); printf(Who compiled | %s\n, _user_name); printf(Compilation hostname | %s\n, _host_name); printf(Fully qualified domain name | %s\n, _fqdn); printf(Operating system | %s\n, _os_name, _os_release, _os_version); printf(Platform | %s\n, _os_platform); printf(Processor info | %s\n, _processor_name, _processor_description); printf(CMake version | %s\n, CMAKE_VERSION); printf(CMake generator | %s\n, CMAKE_GENERATOR); printf(Configuration time | %s\n, _configuration_time); printf(Fortran compiler | %s\n, CMAKE_Fortran_COMPILER); printf(C compiler | %s\n, CMAKE_C_COMPILER); printf(\n); fflush(stdout); } configure_file(print_info.c.in print_info.c ONLY) target_sources(example PRIVATE example.f90 ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/print_info.c ) # 生成SDK include(GNUInstallDirs) set(CMAKE_ARCHIVE_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}) set(CMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}) set(CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/${CMAKE_INSTALL_BINDIR}) # Offer the user the choice of overriding the installation directories set(INSTALL_LIBDIR ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR} CACHE PATH Installation directory for libraries) set(INSTALL_BINDIR ${CMAKE_INSTALL_BINDIR} CACHE PATH Installation directory for executables) set(INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR ${CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR} CACHE PATH Installation directory for header files) if(WIN32 AND NOT CYGWIN) set(DEF_INSTALL_CMAKEDIR CMake) else() set(DEF_INSTALL_CMAKEDIR share/cmake/${PROJECT_NAME}) endif() set(INSTALL_CMAKEDIR ${DEF_INSTALL_CMAKEDIR} CACHE PATH Installation directory for CMake files) # Report to user foreach(p LIB BIN INCLUDE CMAKE) file(TO_NATIVE_PATH ${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/${INSTALL_${p}DIR} _path ) message(STATUS Installing ${p} components to ${_path}) unset(_path) endforeach() # rpath file(RELATIVE_PATH _rel ${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/${INSTALL_BINDIR} ${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}) if(APPLE) set(_rpath loader_path/${_rel}) else() set(_rpath \$ORIGIN/${_rel}) endif() file(TO_NATIVE_PATH ${_rpath}/${INSTALL_LIBDIR} message_RPATH) set_target_properties(hello-world_wDSO PROPERTIES MACOSX_RPATH ON SKIP_BUILD_RPATH OFF BUILD_WITH_INSTALL_RPATH OFF INSTALL_RPATH ${message_RPATH} INSTALL_RPATH_USE_LINK_PATH ON ) install( TARGETS message-shared hello-world_wDSO ARCHIVE DESTINATION ${INSTALL_LIBDIR} COMPONENT lib RUNTIME DESTINATION ${INSTALL_BINDIR} COMPONENT bin LIBRARY DESTINATION ${INSTALL_LIBDIR} COMPONENT lib PUBLIC_HEADER DESTINATION ${INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR}/message COMPONENT dev ) if(WIN32 OR MINGW) list(APPEND CPACK_GENERATOR NSIS) set(CPACK_NSIS_PACKAGE_NAME message) set(CPACK_NSIS_CONTACT robertdr) set(CPACK_NSIS_ENABLE_UNINSTALL_BEFORE_INSTALL ON) endif() message(STATUS CPack generators: ${CPACK_GENERATOR}) include(CPack) set(CPACK_SOURCE_GENERATOR TGZ;ZIP) set(CPACK_SOURCE_IGNORE_FILES /.git /dist /.*build.* /\\\\.DS_Store ) set(CMAKE_EXPORT_PACKAGE_REGISTRY ON) export(PACKAGE MyLib) #交叉编译 set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME Windows) set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR arm) set(CMAKE_C_COMPILER i686-w64-mingw32-gcc) set(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER i686-w64-mingw32-g) set(CMAKE_C_COMPILER clang) set(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER clang) set(CMAKE_Fortran_COMPILER i686-w64-mingw32-gfortran) #submodule find_package(Git QUIET) if(GIT_FOUND AND EXISTS ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/.git) # Update submodules as needed option(GIT_SUBMODULE Check submodules during build ON) if(GIT_SUBMODULE) message(STATUS Submodule update) execute_process(COMMAND ${GIT_EXECUTABLE} submodule update --init --recursive WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR} RESULT_VARIABLE GIT_SUBMOD_RESULT) if(NOT GIT_SUBMOD_RESULT EQUAL 0) message(FATAL_ERROR git submodule update --init --recursive failed with ${GIT_SUBMOD_RESULT}, please checkout submodules) endif() endif() endif() if(NOT EXISTS ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/extern/repo/CMakeLists.txt) message(FATAL_ERROR The submodules were not downloaded! GIT_SUBMODULE was turned off or failed. Please update submodules and try again.) endif()参考https://github.com/wx-chevalier/CMake-NotesCMake基础教程_cmake -b build-CSDN博客创作不易小小的支持一下吧