IEEE 802.15.4It is a low-rate, low-power wireless communication standard, which can be understood as:802.15.4 Wireless Physical Layer (PHY) MAC Layer standard, similar to the foundation of Zigbee, Thread, and Matter over Thread.Just like:Ethernet └─ TCP/IP └─ HTTP 802.15.4 └─ Thread └─ MatterOr:802.15.4 └─ Zigbee与 Wi-Fi、BLE 的区别TechnologyStandardRatePower consumptionNetwork scale caleWi-Fi802.11Mbps~GbpsHighMiddleBLEBluetooth LE1~2 MbpsLowSmall~medium802.15.4IEEE 802.15.4250 kbpsVery lowBigZigbeeBased on 802.15.4250 kbpsVery lowBigThreadBased on 802.15.4250 kbpsVery lowBigOperating frequency bandMost common:2.4GHzGlobally Available:2405 MHz ~ 2480 MHzTotal:16 ChannelsID:CH11 ~ CH26For example:Zigbee Thread MatterThis frequency band is basically used.Data rateAt 2.4GHz:250 kbps Far Lower Than:Wi-Fi - 数百Mbps BLE - 1~2MbpsBut for the following:温度 湿度 开关状态 传感器Thats enough.For example:温度 25.6℃It only takes a few bytes.Network topologyStar-shapedSensor | | Sensor ---- Gateway ---- Sensor | | SensorSimilar to BLE.Mesh802.15.4 is the strongest place.A ---- B ---- C ---- D ---- EEven if:ACannot go directly to:EYou can also do it by:B,C,DRelay.This is an important reason why Zigbee and Thread are so popular.The relationship between Zigbee and 802.15.4Many people are confused:802.15.4 ≠ ZigbeeRelationship:Application Network Layer MAC PHYAmong them:802.15.4Only definition:PHY MACAnd:Zigbee Additions:路由 Mesh 设备发现 安全机制 应用层Thread 和 MatterIn recent years, smart homes have focused more on:MatterOne of its wireless solutions:Matter over ThreadStructure:Matter ↓ Thread ↓ 802.15.4For example:Apple HomeKit Google Home Amazon AlexaAll of them are supporting.ESP32-S31 with 802.15.4A key selling point of the ESP32-S31 (compared to the traditional ESP32-S3) is that it usually supports:Wi-Fi BLE 802.15.4Namely:三模无线Can support the following at the same time:Matter Thread Zigbee BLE Wi-Fi Application scenarios:智能咖啡机 智能门锁 温控器 网关 家电控制板 Significance for home appliancesSuppose you make a coffee machine:Traditional Solution:Coffee Machine | Wi-Fi | Router | CloudFuture Plans:Coffee Machine | Thread | Border Router | Matter | Apple/Google EcosystemAdvantages:Low power consumptionFast responseLocal controlNo need to rely entirely on the cloud 
长河君 · 2026/10/18 6:35:10 · 阅读 1.2k IEEE 802.15.4: A Low-Power Wireless Standard for IoT Applications
IEEE 802.15.4It is a low-rate, low-power wireless communication standard, which can be understood as:802.15.4 Wireless Physical Layer (PHY) MAC Layer standard, similar to the foundation of Zigbee, Thread, and Matter over Thread.Just like:Ethernet └─ TCP/IP └─ HTTP 802.15.4 └─ Thread └─ MatterOr:802.15.4 └─ Zigbee与 Wi-Fi、BLE 的区别TechnologyStandardRatePower consumptionNetwork scale caleWi-Fi802.11Mbps~GbpsHighMiddleBLEBluetooth LE1~2 MbpsLowSmall~medium802.15.4IEEE 802.15.4250 kbpsVery lowBigZigbeeBased on 802.15.4250 kbpsVery lowBigThreadBased on 802.15.4250 kbpsVery lowBigOperating frequency bandMost common:2.4GHzGlobally Available:2405 MHz ~ 2480 MHzTotal:16 ChannelsID:CH11 ~ CH26For example:Zigbee Thread MatterThis frequency band is basically used.Data rateAt 2.4GHz:250 kbps Far Lower Than:Wi-Fi - 数百Mbps BLE - 1~2MbpsBut for the following:温度 湿度 开关状态 传感器Thats enough.For example:温度 25.6℃It only takes a few bytes.Network topologyStar-shapedSensor | | Sensor ---- Gateway ---- Sensor | | SensorSimilar to BLE.Mesh802.15.4 is the strongest place.A ---- B ---- C ---- D ---- EEven if:ACannot go directly to:EYou can also do it by:B,C,DRelay.This is an important reason why Zigbee and Thread are so popular.The relationship between Zigbee and 802.15.4Many people are confused:802.15.4 ≠ ZigbeeRelationship:Application Network Layer MAC PHYAmong them:802.15.4Only definition:PHY MACAnd:Zigbee Additions:路由 Mesh 设备发现 安全机制 应用层Thread 和 MatterIn recent years, smart homes have focused more on:MatterOne of its wireless solutions:Matter over ThreadStructure:Matter ↓ Thread ↓ 802.15.4For example:Apple HomeKit Google Home Amazon AlexaAll of them are supporting.ESP32-S31 with 802.15.4A key selling point of the ESP32-S31 (compared to the traditional ESP32-S3) is that it usually supports:Wi-Fi BLE 802.15.4Namely:三模无线Can support the following at the same time:Matter Thread Zigbee BLE Wi-Fi Application scenarios:智能咖啡机 智能门锁 温控器 网关 家电控制板 Significance for home appliancesSuppose you make a coffee machine:Traditional Solution:Coffee Machine | Wi-Fi | Router | CloudFuture Plans:Coffee Machine | Thread | Border Router | Matter | Apple/Google EcosystemAdvantages:Low power consumptionFast responseLocal controlNo need to rely entirely on the cloud