1.什么是Spring Cloud Gateway?
Spring Cloud Gateway 是一个基于 Spring Framework 和 Spring Boot 构建的 API 网关服务。它提供了一种简单而有效的方式来路由请求、提供跨领域的关注点(如安全、监控/指标和弹性)以及其他功能。Spring Cloud Gateway 旨在提供一种简单而有效的方式来路由 API 请求,并提供一些常见的网关功能,如路径重写、负载均衡、限流、熔断等。
应用场景
- 请求路由:将客户端请求路由到不同的微服务。
- 安全性:在网关层实现身份验证和授权。
- 负载均衡:在多个服务实例之间分配请求。
- 限流:限制请求的速率以保护后端服务。
- 熔断和降级:在后端服务不可用时提供默认响应。
- 监控和日志:收集和分析请求数据。
2.环境准备
配置hosts
127.0.0.1 node1 127.0.0.1 node2
进去目录
cd D:\IdeaProjects\springcloud-demo\eureka\eureka-server
执行命令
C:\Users\Dell\.jdks\jbr-17.0.9\bin\java.exe -jar target/eureka-server-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar --spring.profiles.active=node1 C:\Users\Dell\.jdks\jbr-17.0.9\bin\java.exe -jar target/eureka-server-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar --spring.profiles.active=node2
访问http://127.0.0.1:8761/
3.代码工程
实验目标
-
请求路由:当用户访问
/api/users
时,Spring Cloud Gateway 会将请求路由到用户服务。当访问/api/orders
时,路由到订单服务。 -
负载均衡:如果订单服务有多个实例,Spring Cloud Gateway 可以根据负载均衡策略将请求分发到不同的实例上。
Gateway
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><parent><artifactId>spring-cloud-gateway</artifactId><groupId>com.et</groupId><version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version></parent><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><artifactId>gateway</artifactId><properties><maven.compiler.source>17</maven.compiler.source><maven.compiler.target>17</maven.compiler.target></properties><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webflux</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gateway</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId></dependency></dependencies>
</project>
SpringCloudGatewayApplication.java
package com.et;import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringCloudGatewayApplication {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(SpringCloudGatewayApplication.class, args);}
}
application.yml
server:port: 8080
spring:application:name: gatewaycloud:gateway:discovery:locator:enabled: trueroutes:- id: user_serviceuri: http://localhost:8081predicates:- Path=/api/users/**- id: order_serviceuri: lb://order-servicepredicates:- Path=/api/orders/**
eureka:client:service-url:defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
User
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><parent><artifactId>spring-cloud-gateway</artifactId><groupId>com.et</groupId><version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version></parent><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><artifactId>users</artifactId><properties><maven.compiler.source>17</maven.compiler.source><maven.compiler.target>17</maven.compiler.target></properties><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency></dependencies>
</project>
controller
package com.et;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;@RestController
public class UserController {@GetMapping("/api/users")public String getUsers() {return "User list";}
}
UserServiceApplication.java
package com.et;import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;@SpringBootApplication
public class UserServiceApplication {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(UserServiceApplication.class, args);}
}
application.yml
server:port: 8081
Order
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><parent><artifactId>spring-cloud-gateway</artifactId><groupId>com.et</groupId><version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version></parent><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><artifactId>order</artifactId><properties><maven.compiler.source>17</maven.compiler.source><maven.compiler.target>17</maven.compiler.target></properties><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId></dependency></dependencies>
</project>
controller
package com.et;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;@RestController
public class OrderController {@GetMapping("/api/orders")public String getOrders() {return "Order list";}
}
OrderServiceApplication
package com.et;import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;@SpringBootApplication
public class OrderServiceApplication {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(OrderServiceApplication.class, args);}
}
application.yml
server:port: 0 #random portspring:application:name: order-serviceeureka:client:service-url:defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
以上只是一些关键代码,所有代码请参见下面代码仓库
代码仓库
- https://github.com/Harries/springcloud-demo(Spring Cloud Contract )
4.测试
- 启动用户服务,提供
/api/users
端点。 - 启动多个订单服务实例,提供
/api/orders
端点。 - 启动 Spring Cloud Gateway。
启动这两个服务后,通过 Spring Cloud Gateway 访问 /api/users
和 /api/orders
,请求将被路由到相应的服务。
- http://127.0.0.1:8080/api/orders
- http://127.0.0.1:8080/api/users
5.引用
- Spring Cloud Gateway
- Spring Cloud Gateway快速入门Demo | Harries Blog™