【Python】简易书籍管理程序

之前简单介绍了有关Python的面向对象中的类，这次就围绕"类"和json格式来做一个简单的代码程序，并且在后面还附带了数据。

import json
import re
import timeclass BookManager:def __init__(self):self.books = {}  # 使用字典存储书籍信息，book_id# 导入书籍信息def load_books(self, filename):try:with open(filename, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as file:self.books = json.load(file)if not self.books:return  # 如果字典为空，返回except (json.JSONDecodeError, FileNotFoundError):return  # 如果文件为空，或不存在，或无法解析，直接返回def save_books(self):filename = r'books.json'with open(filename, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as file:# 没有书籍信息就不保存，并直接退出if self.books == {}:exit()# 保存书籍信息，并退出json.dump(obj=self.books, fp=file, indent=4, ensure_ascii=False)exit()def register_book(self):print("请输入书籍信息：")book_id = input("书籍ID: ")isbn = input("ISBN: ")title = input("书名: ")author = input("作者: ")genre = input("类型: ")# 检验书籍的有效性if self.validate_isbn(isbn) and \self.validate_book_id(book_id) and \book_id not in self.books.keys():self.books[book_id] = {'title': title,'author': author,'book_id': book_id,'genre': genre,'isbn': isbn}else:print("书籍ID和ISBN无效或已存在。")def delete_book_by_id(self):book_id = input("输入要删除的书籍ID: ")if book_id in self.books.keys():del self.books[book_id]print("书籍已删除。")else:print("找不到该书籍。")def modify_book(self):book_id = input("输入要修改的书籍ID: ")if book_id in self.books.keys():print("输入新的书籍信息（如果不想修改某项，请直接按回车键）：")new_ISBN = input("ISBN: ")new_title = input("书名: ")new_author = input("作者: ")new_genre = input("类型: ")# 如果输入不为空，则更新相应的信息if new_ISBN:self.books[book_id]['ISBN'] = new_ISBNif new_title:self.books[book_id]['title'] = new_titleif new_author:self.books[book_id]['author'] = new_authorif new_genre:self.books[book_id]['genre'] = new_genreprint("书籍信息已更新。")else:print("找不到该书籍。")def display_books(self):# 没有书籍信息，就返回if not self.books:print("暂无书籍信息。")return# 遍历所有书籍信息print("所有书籍如下: ")for index, book in enumerate(self.books.values(), start=1):print(index, book, sep='、', end='\n')def find_book_by_id(self):book_id = input("输入书籍ID: ")if book_id in self.books.keys():print(self.books[book_id])else:print("找不到该ID的书籍信息。")def find_book_by_title(self):title = input("输入书名: ")found = Falsefor book in self.books.values():# 检查输入的书名是否为书籍标题的一部分if title in book['title']:print(f"{book}")found = Trueif not found:print("没有找到该书名的书籍。")def find_book_by_genre(self):genre = input("输入书籍类型: ")found = Falseindex = 1for book in self.books.values():# 检查输入的书名是否为书籍标题的一部分if genre in book['genre']:print(f"{index}、{book}")index = index + 1found = Trueif not found:print("没有该类型书籍。")# 检验书籍的ISBN位数是否合理——13位数字def validate_isbn(self, isbn):pattern = r'^\d{13}$'return re.match(pattern, isbn) is not None# 检验书籍的ID是否符合——数字def validate_book_id(self, id):pattern = r'^\d+$'return re.match(pattern, id) is not Nonedef main():manager = BookManager()manager.load_books('books.json')# 以索引为关键字，创建一个字典来存储类方法options = {'1': manager.register_book,'2': manager.delete_book_by_id,'3': manager.modify_book,'4': manager.display_books,'5': manager.find_book_by_id,'6': manager.find_book_by_title,'7': manager.find_book_by_genre,'8': manager.save_books}while True:time.sleep(2)print("\n主菜单:")print("1. 登记书籍")print("2. 删除书籍")print("3. 修改书籍")print("4. 显示所有书籍")print("5. 按ID查找书籍")print("6. 按书名查找书籍")print("7. 按类型查找书籍")print("8. 保存并退出程序")choice = input("请选择操作: ")if choice in options.keys():options[choice]()else:print("无效选项，请重新选择。")if __name__ == '__main__':main()

{"1": {"title": "云边有个小卖部","author": "张嘉佳","book_id": "1","genre": "情感小说","isbn": "9787540487645"},"2": {"title": "月亮和六便士","author": "威廉·萨默塞特·毛姆","book_id": "2","genre": "文学经典","isbn": "9787530216787"},"3": {"title": "解忧杂货店","author": "东野圭吾","book_id": "3","genre": "悬疑小说","isbn": "9787544270878"},"4": {"title": "挪威的森林","author": "村上春树","book_id": "4","genre": "现代文学","isbn": "9787544731703"},"5": {"title": "百年孤独","author": "加西亚·马尔克斯","book_id": "5","genre": "魔幻现实主义","isbn": "9787544268103"},"6": {"title": "活着","author": "余华","book_id": "6","genre": "现实主义","isbn": "9787506365437"},"7": {"title": "小王子","author": "安托万·德·圣埃克苏佩里","book_id": "7","genre": "童话","isbn": "9787020042494"},"8": {"title": "围城","author": "钱钟书","book_id": "8","genre": "现代文学","isbn": "9787020024759"},"9": {"title": "追风筝的人","author": "卡勒德·胡赛尼","book_id": "9","genre": "现代文学","isbn": "9787208061644"},"10": {"title": "苏菲的世界","author": "乔斯坦·贾德","book_id": "10","genre": "哲学","isbn": "9787532739824"},"11": {"title": "瓦尔登湖","author": "亨利·大卫·梭罗","book_id": "11","genre": "自然写作","isbn": "9787544261098"},"12": {"title": "简爱","author": "夏洛蒂·勃朗特","book_id": "12","genre": "古典文学","isbn": "9787544242516"},"13": {"title": "1984","author": "乔治·奥威尔","book_id": "13","genre": "反乌托邦","isbn": "9787208061643"},"14": {"title": "飘","author": "玛格丽特·米切尔","book_id": "14","genre": "历史小说","isbn": "9787532745115"},"15": {"title": "动物农场","author": "乔治·奥威尔","book_id": "15","genre": "政治讽刺","isbn": "9787532739138"},"16": {"title": "荆棘鸟","author": "科琳·麦卡洛","book_id": "16","genre": "家庭史诗","isbn": "9787208115279"},"17": {"title": "哈利波特与魔法石","author": "J.K. 罗琳","book_id": "17","genre": "奇幻","isbn": "9787020033430"},"18": {"title": "了不起的盖茨比","author": "弗朗西斯·斯科特·菲茨杰拉德","book_id": "18","genre": "美国小说","isbn": "9787532737974"},"19": {"title": "不可抗力","author": "玛丽安娜·海拉","book_id": "19","genre": "现代小说","isbn": "9787544291179"},"20": {"title": "我们仨","author": "杨绛","book_id": "20","genre": "回忆录","isbn": "9787530219214"},"21": {"title": "天才在左 疯子在右","author": "高铭","book_id": "21","genre": "心理学","isbn": "9787508657421"},"22": {"title": "我与地坛","author": "史铁生","book_id": "22","genre": "散文","isbn": "9787530216770"},"23": {"title": "地球往事","author": "刘慈欣","book_id": "23","genre": "科幻","isbn": "9787536692930"},"24": {"title": "平凡的世界","author": "路遥","book_id": "24","genre": "现实主义","isbn": "9787020016402"},"25": {"title": "无人生还","author": "阿加莎·克里斯蒂","book_id": "25","genre": "悬疑","isbn": "9787208060943"}
}